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A program-controlled switch is called a stored program control switch (corresponding to a wired logic control switch, referred to as a layout switch) and is also called a program-controlled digital switch or a digital program-controlled switch. A switching device, usually designated for use in a telephone switching network, that controls telephone connections by a computer program. Program-controlled switchboard is a telephone switchboard that USES modern computer technology to complete control, connection and other work.

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Digital SPC switches are divided into long-distance switches, local switches and so on. There are also types dedicated to signaling and smart networks.

In 1970, France opened the world's first program-controlled digital switch, using time-division multiplexing technology and large-scale integrated circuits. Then the world is vigorously developed, into the 1980s, program-controlled and digital switches began to spread around the world.

The basic functions of digital SPC switch are: user line access, relay connection, billing, equipment management, etc.

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The local switch automatically detects the user's pick and move, sends back the dial tone to the user's phone, receives the pulse signal or dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signal generated by the phone, and then completes the connection from the call to the called number (the called number may be in the same switch or in a different switch). After the connection is complete, the switch will remain connected until one of the communicating parties is detected hanging.

Among them, the communication connection part USES the digital switching network in the switch to realize digital switching by means of PCM, and the control part is realized by the computer through software.

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The main task of telephone exchange is to realize the connection between users. It is basically divided into two parts: circuit equipment and control equipment. Circuit equipment mainly includes a variety of interface circuit (such as user line interface and trunk line interface circuit, etc.) and switching (or connection) network; Control equipment mainly includes marker and transmitter in crossbar switch, while in SPC switch, control equipment is electronic computer, including central processing unit (CPU), memory and input/output device.

SPC switch is essentially a computer "stored program control" switch, it will be a variety of control functions, methods programmed, stored in memory, using the scanning data of the external state and stored program to control, manage the work of the entire switching system.

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Control equipment

The control part is the core of program-controlled switches. Its main task is to execute stored programs and various commands according to the requirements of external users and internal maintenance and management, so as to control the corresponding hardware to achieve exchange and management functions.

The main body of SPC switch control equipment is microprocessor, which can be divided into centralized control and decentralized control according to its configuration and control working mode. In order to better adapt to the requirements of software and hardware modularization, improve the processing capacity and enhance the flexibility and reliability of the system, the degree of decentralized control of program-controlled switching system is increasing day by day.

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Speech path equipment

Switching network

The basic function of switching network is to establish the connection path between the caller and the called user through the continuous command of the control part according to the call requirements of the user. In the vertical and horizontal system switch it USES various electromechanical wiring (such as vertical and horizontal wiring, coding wiring, reed wiring, etc.), in the program-controlled switch is mainly used by the electronic switch array composed of the air division switching network, and by the memory circuit composed of time division connection network.

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Interface device

Interface device is the interface between digital program-controlled switch and peripheral environment. Its function is to complete the conversion between external signal and internal signal of switch. The interface equipment of digital SPC switch mainly includes user circuit, relay circuit and signaling transceiver equipment.

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(a) user circuits

The function of user Circuit is to realize the connection between various user lines and the switch, which is usually called the SLIC,Subscriber Line Interface Circuit. According to the switch system and application environment, there are various types of user circuits. For SPC digital switches, there are mainly analog user line circuit (ALC) connected with analog telephone, and digital user line circuit (DLC) connected with digital telephone, data terminal (or terminal adapter).

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Analog subscriber line circuit is an interface configured to adapt to the simulated user environment. Its basic functions include:

. Battery feed: in telephone communications, a direct current feed from a switch to a common telephone set via a subscriber line;

· Overvoltage Protection: the user line is outside line, so it may be attacked by lightning or high voltage, etc. High voltage is forbidden to enter the switch, which damages the internal equipment of the switch. In order to prevent the switch from being damaged by voltage shock or overvoltage on the user line, it must have overvoltage protection function.

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Ringing: feed the Ringing current to the telephone set of the called user. The Ringing current voltage is generally controlled by relay or via high voltage electronic devices to the telephone set.

Supervision: in order to complete the phone call, the switch must be able to correctly judge the following three conditions on the user line.

A) the status of the user's phone.

B) dialing pulse sent by the user's telephone set (dial number).

C) input signals of COINS, magnetic CARDS, etc.

The judgment of several cases of the user line can be realized by monitoring the on/off current of the dc loop on the user line. When the user is idle, the dc loop is disconnected and there is no feeding current; On the contrary, after the user takes off the machine, the dc loop is connected and there is a feeding current.

CODEC: CODEC and decoder (CODEC), filter, complete the analog and digital analog exchange of voice signal to digital switching network interface with the digital switch.

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. Hybrid: two-fourth line conversion of user line to meet the requirements of codec and digital exchange for four-line transmission.

. Test: provide the Test port to Test the user's circuit.

These seven functions are often represented by an acronym (BORSCHT) with the first letter. For analog SPC switches, codec function is not required. In digital SPC switches, PCM codec is adopted for most of the small switches except for some specific applications that use delta modulation.

Digital subscriber line (DTE) circuit is an interface SET up to adapt to the digital user environment. It is mainly used to connect various data terminal devices (DTE) such as computers, printers, VDU and telex through line adapter (LAM) or digital telephone SET (sopho-set).

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